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Tips from A to Z  

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  Z is for Zeppenzauer
Microvolume crystallization by dialysis was first reported by Zeppenzauer in 1971 (Methods in Enzymology, ibid ref. 1. Vol. 22, page 253). The Zeppenzauer cells are homemade from capillaries with the ends of the tubes either covered with dialysis membrane or plugged with acrylamide, silica, or agarose gel. If covering the tube with a dialysis membrane, one can use small o-rings to secure the membrane over the tube. The capillary is then placed in an appropriate chamber with a volume of reagent sufficient to cover the ends of the tube.
  Z is for Zero
Zero or “0” is often used to represent a clear drop when scoring crystallization experiments. While on the subject of zero or nothing, consider using -1 or some other more interesting and exciting score to represent a non-experiment. A non-experiment is a drop that has fallen off or a drop that was never pipetted (human or robot error). Better to use a non-experiment score such as -1 than a “0” since someone reading your scores might mistake a “0” as a clear drop.
  Z is for Zinc
1 to 5 mM zinc (most frequently as zinc chloride or zinc sulfate) can be a useful crystallization additive and typically reduces the solubility of the sample. Zinc is not very soluble and can readily precipitate or crystallize out of reagents as higher concentrations.
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