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Xenon Chamber
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Xenon Chamber
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Produce xenon derivatives of biological macromolecular crystals
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Operation pressure range of 0 to 600 psi
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Small pressure chamber for minimum xenon gas consumption
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Pressure regulated safety valve
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Safety lock prevents opening of pressurized chamber
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Safety shield between pressure chamber and user
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Quick release connectors between xenon gas supply and pressure chamber
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High quality xenon pressure regulator with needle valve for fine control
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Unique track design allows rapid crystal transfer from xenon to dewar for freezing
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Mini-Vial/Wick system prevents crystal dehydration
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CrystalCap compatible
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The Xenon Chamber is a pressure chamber designed to produce xenon derivatives of biological macromolecular crystals.
Aside from the preparation of a pure sample and subsequent crystallization, an often rate-limiting step in the determination of biological macromolecular structures by x-ray diffraction analysis is the formation of isomorphous heavy atom derivatives. Typically, isomorphous derivatives are formed by diffusing heavy atoms such as lead or mercury based compounds into the crystal with the anticipation that the heavy atom molecules will bind in an ordered fashion to each biological macromolecule. In order to obtain two or more successful isomorphous derivatives, a researcher may need to evaluate close to 100 different heavy atom compounds by manually transferring a number of crystals to different mother liquors each containing a different heavy atom compound.
Enter Xenon
Xenon is a noble gas which binds to specific sites in a biological macromolecule. There are numerous examples demonstrating that xenon-macromolecule complexes can serve as heavy atom derivatives.1-8 The xenon-macromolecule complex is obtained by placing the macromolecular crystal under a pressurized xenon atmosphere. A clear advantage in using xenon is that one can simply screen xenon by pressurizing a loop-mounted crystal rather than having to set up plates and having to transfer crystals from numerous drops.
Enter the Xenon Chamber
The Xenon Chamber is a simple, yet effective device designed to pressurize loop-mounted biological macromolecular crystals in the presence of xenon gas at room temperature. Crystals mounted in loops such as the CrystalCap system are placed into the Xenon Chamber. Once sealed, the chamber is pressurized with xenon gas so that the crystal and macromolecules are equilibrated in a vapor saturated xenon atmosphere. Following depressurization of the chamber, the loop-mounted crystal is simply lifted and slid along the Xenon Chamber track and quickly lowered into a dewar for freezing in liquid nitrogen or propane. The transfer from pressurized xenon to the freeze is accomplished in seconds.
Specifications
The Xenon Chamber measures 14 1/4" tall, 13 1/2" wide, and 10 1/4" deep. The pressure chamber measures 9.5 mm (diameter) by 29 mm (depth).
The Xenon Chamber has an operation pressure range of 0 to 600 psi (0 to 4.1 Mpa, 0 to 41 Bar).
The pressure regulator for the Xenon Chamber is designed to be used with inert gases such as xenon. The CGA number for the pressure regulator is 580. The pressure regulator has a hose length of 21" with a quick connector on the end to attach it to the Xenon Chamber.
Each Xenon Chamber comes complete with a CrystalCap Dewar Stand that fits the 1,000 ml Dewar Flask (HR4-699) and a pack of five Mini-Vials with Wicks. The Xenon Chamber Pressure Regulator is sold separately. Additional Mini-Vials with Wick and Vial Stands may also be obtained separately.
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CAT NO |
NAME |
DESCRIPTION |
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| HR4-791 |
Xenon Chamber |
each |
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CAT NO |
NAME |
DESCRIPTION |
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| HR4-793 |
Xenon Chamber Pressure Regulator |
each |
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CAT NO |
NAME |
DESCRIPTION |
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| HR4-781 |
Xenon Chamber Quick Female Connector |
each |
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CAT NO |
NAME |
DESCRIPTION |
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| HR4-795 |
Xenon Chamber Mini-Vial with Wick |
5 pack |
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CAT NO |
NAME |
DESCRIPTION |
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| HR4-799 |
Xenon Chamber Vial Stand |
each |
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References
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| 1. | PNAS, Oct. 12 1999, Vol.96, No. 21, 11717-11722. |
| 2. | Soltis, S.M., Stowell, M.H.B., Wiener, M.C., Phillips, G.N. Jr., & Rees, D.C., J. Appl. Cryst. (1997) 30, 190-194. |
| 3. | Stowell, M.H.B., Soltis, S.M., Kisker, C., Peters, J.W., Schindelin, H., Rees, D.C., Cascio, D., Beamer, L., Hart, P.J., Wiener, M.C., & Whitby, F.G., J. Appl. Cryst. (1996) 29, 608-613. |
| 4. | Schiltz, M., Fourme, R., Broutin, I., & Prange, T., Structure (1995) 3, 309-316. |
| 5. | Schitz, M., Prange, T., & Fourme, R., J. Appl. Cryst. (1994) 27, 950-960. |
| 6. | Vitali, J., Robbins, A.H., Almo, S.C., & Tilton, R.F., J. Appl. Cryst. (1991) 24, 931-935. |
| 7. | Schiltz, M., Shepard, W., Fourme, R., Prange, T., De La Fortelle, R., & Bricogne, G., Acta Cryst. (1997) D53, 78-92. |
| 8. | Otwinowski, Z. & Minor, W., Methods Enzymol. Vol. 276, edited by C.W. Carter, Jr. and R.M. Sweet. New York: Academic Press (1997). |
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